ვის ეშინია კომუნიკაციის? (კომუნიკაციის პრობლემა ედუარდ ოლბის პიესაში ,,ვის ეშინია ვირჯინია ვულფის?’’)

termini ,,absurdis Teatri’’ pirvelad literaturis kritikosma martin eslinma ixmara, romelmac is samuel beketis, iuJin ioneskos, Jan genetisa da artur adamovis Semoqmedebis dasakavSireblad gamoiyena. Tumca absurdis ideas pirvelad albert kamius eseSi ,,sizifes miTi” (Le Mythe de Sisyphe) vxvdebiT, sadac kamiu anviTarebs azrs imis Sesaxeb, rom absurds iwvevs adamianis survili gaarkvios da ipovos mniSvneloba samyaroSi, romelic arafers ar gTavazobs. absurdisti mwerlebis SemoqmedebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia logikis ararseboba, dialogebis uazroba, tradiciuli peronaJebisa da fabulis  gamoyenebaze uaris Tqma. absurdisti mwerlebis mTavar ideas warmoadgens imis xazgasma, rom adamianis arseboba absoliturad uazroa, da Cven yvelani varsebobT samyaroSi sadac komunikacia SeuZlebelia. albert kamiu Tavis eseSi midis daskvnamde, rom amgvar mdgomareobidan gaqceva SeuZlebelia, Tumca adamians gaaCnia imis unari daupirispirdes amas. miuxedavad kamuis am erTi SexedviT pozitiuri gancxadebisa, absurdisti mwerlebis Semoqmedeba sapirispiros gviCvenebs, radgan absurdistuli piesis personaJebs aranairi survili ar gaaCniaT daupirispirdnen am uazro arsebobas da ar cdiloben komunikaciis miRwevas.

statiis mTavar amocanas warmoadgens ganixilos komunikaciis problema eduard olbis piesaSi vis eSinia virjinia vulfis?.Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom eduard olbi ar miiCneva absurdist mwerlad, zemoTxsenebul piesaSi udavo vxvdebiT absurdis dramis damaxasiaTebel niSan-Tvisebebs, rogoricaa:

1. 1. absurduli garemoeba - piesis daswayisidanve aSkaraa, rom saqme gvaqvs arasdantartul piesasTan, radgan Ramis or saaTze, marTa da jorji elodebian stumrebs, romlebsac saerTod ar icnoben; 
2. absurduli personaJebi - martin eslinis mixedviT absurdis dramis personaJebs Znelad Tu SeiZleba adamiani ewodoT da maT moqmedebaSi araviTari logika ar aris. piesis dasawyisidanve gaurkvevlia, Tu ratom aqvT marTas da jorjs aseTi damokidebuleba erTmaneTis mimarT, da ratom eqcevian erTurTs ase sastikad, rodesac erTi SexedviT TiTqos maT cxovrebaSi yvelaferi rigzea.

gasakviri ar aris is faqti, rom absurdul garemoSi arsebuli aramotivirebuli personaJebis mTavar problemas erTmaneTTan urTierToba da komunikacia warmoadgens. zemoTCamoTvlili maxasiaTeblebis garda, absurdis dramis erT-erTi Taviseburebas enis – rogorc komunikaciis saSualebis -  gamouyenebloba warmoadgens. ena, marTebuli iqneba vTqvaT, rom Sinaars-moklebuli gacvla-gamocvlis meqanizmad iqca. rogorc ian Culiki aRniSnavs: ,,sityvebi ver axerxeben adamianTa gancdebis gadmocemas, radgan zedapirulni gaxdnen. absurdis Teatris erT-erT mizansac swored is warmoadgens, rom uCvenos ramdenad dacemulia eniaca da misi mniSvnelobac, radgan is ver axerxebs iyos swori da sando komunikaciis saSualeba. absurdis drama iyenebs kliSeebs, sloganebsa da teqnikur Jargons da cdilobs moaxdinos am yovelives parodireba Tu rRveva. stereotipuli laparakis warmoCeniT, absurdis Teatri cdilobs adamianebi miaxvedros, rom SesaZlebelia yoveldRiur Tavazian saubars Tavi aaridon da ufro bundebrivad isaubron.’’ (Culiki 2000)

 komunikaciis naklebobaze da adamianTa Soris gaucxoebaze meoce saukunis araerTi mwerali gamoxatavda Tavis damokidebulebasa Tu gulis tkenas. magaliTad, amerikeli mwerali feit bolduini aRniSnavda, rom ,,xandaxan ufro meti komunikaciis naleboba SeimCneva saubarSi, vidre ubralo siCumeSi.’’ arsebobdenen mwerlebi, romlebic am problemis dramatizirebas adendnen, xazs usvamdnen ra im faqts, rom sityvebma dakarges Tavisi mniSvneloba da aqtualoba, rom ,,sityvebi, mxolodRa usargeblo laqaa siCumesa da araraze.’’ igive suliskveTeba igrZnoba eduard olbis nawarmoebebSi, sadac aSkarad igrZnoba didi irlandieli dramaturgis semuel beketis gavlena. Tumca es ar unda gagvikvirdes, radgan pirvel rigSi albaT Znelia wero gaucxoebasa da komunikaciis ararsebobaze da ar iyo beketis gavlenis qveS, da meorec, rogorc Tavad olbi acxadebda ,,me ar msurs vicovro iseT qalaqSi, sadac ar idgmeba semuel beketis piesebi’’, riTic adasturebda Tavis keTil ganwyobas beketis mimarT.

imisaTvis, rom warmoaCinos enis devalvacia, semuel beketi iyenebs aratradiciul teknikas. magaliTad, miuxedavad imisa, rom erTi SexedviT misi personaJebi erTmaneTs esaubrebian, aSkaraa, ro maT Soris  dialogi ar arsebobs, radgan dialogi sinamdvileSi ori monologis formas iRebs. estragoni da vladimeri saerTod ar usmenen erTmaneTs, da orive Tavisi TaviT aris gatacebuli. magaliTad:  

vladimeri: amaze, milioni wlis win unda gvefiqra, 90-ianebSi.

estragoni: oh, moeSvi am sisulelis bodials da momexmare am dawyevlili nivTis gaxdaSi (miutitebs Tavis fexsacmelze)

vladimeri: xeli xel Cakidebulebi eifelis koSkis Tavze, pirvelebi. maSin pativsacemi adamianebi viyaviT. axla, axla Zalian gviania. isini arc ki SegviSveben iq. (estragoni gaixdis fexsacmels) ras akeTeb? (beketi, I moqmedeba)

beketis personaJebisagan gansxvavebiT, romelTa Sesaxebac mkiTxvelma bevri araferi icis da romlebic ori mawanwala, miusafari adamianis STabeWdilebas toveben, olbis personaJbi sruliad sapirispironi arian: marTa da jorji idealuri wyvilis marTa da jorj voSingtonebis saxels atareben, isini kolejSi cxovroben. jorji profesoria. Tumca mkiTxveli maleve xvdeba, rom is rasac isini am wyvilisgan moelis srulebiT sapirispiro xdeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom jorji profesoria, is ar aris istoriis ganyofilebis ufrosi, rasac marTa xSirad wamoaZaxebs xolme piesis ganmavlobaSi da swored amitomaa, rom igi Tavis qmars arSemdgar adamianad miiCnevs. amas garda marTa jorjze eqvsi wliT ufrosia da ojaxSi swored is iRebs gadawyvetilebebs, Tumca esec moCvenebiTia, radgan marTa mTlianad mamamisze da mis gadawyvetilebebzea damokidebuli. marTa ver axerxebs iyos kargi qaliSvili, coli da deda. mkiTxvels maleve ewureba imis imedi, rom marTasa da jorjis urTierTobis dalageba SesaZlebelia da xvdeba, rom isini Cveulebriv wyvils ar warmoadgenen. Tumca piesaSi aris meore wyvili, marTasa da jorjis stumrebi, romlebic Ramis or saaTze unda movinen kolejSi maT mosanaxuleblad. niki da hani, romlebic axalgazrda wyvilia, da uzomod erTmaneTze arian Seyvarebulebi da friad bednierebi. mkiTxveli darwmunebulia, rom niki da hani, marTasa da jorjis absoliturad gansxvavdebian, Tumca maleve xvdeba, rom amgvari molodini amaoa. maTi stumrobidan maleve vigebT, rom niki hanize imitom daqorwinda rom hani fexmZimed iyo da amas garda sakmaod SeZlebuli ojaxidan iyo. hani, ki Tavis mxriv cdilobs aicilos orsuloba, radgan eSinia. hani xSirad avadmyofobs da ar SeuZlia realobis adeqvatura aRqma. idealuri qmari niki ki maleve gamoaCens Tavis amoralur da civi mxares, rodesac cdilobs marTasTan urTierTobis damyarebas. Tumca sabolood vxedavT, rom igi ver axerxebs marTas dakmayofilebas da Sesabamisad msgavsad danarCeni sami personaJisa isic ar aris warmatebuli pirovneba. aSkaraa, rom miuxedavad mkiTxvelis winaswari ganwyobisa maT mimarT, isini srulebiT sapirispiro aRmoCndebian. Sesabamisad ramdenad realuria mkiTxvelis aRqma beketis perosnaJebis – vladimerisa da estragonis – mawanwalebad miCneva? 

mTavari rac beketisa da olbis personaJebs msgavss xdis aris is faqti, rom beketis personaJebiviT, olbis moqmedi pirebis dialogic mxolod moCvenebiTia. isini TiTqos arc ki wuxan imis gamo rom ver axerxeben komunikacias da TavianTi monologebiT sakmaod kmayofilnic ki arian. is, rac beketis da Semdeg olbis personaJebs aviwydebaT, aris is rom ori monologi veranairad ver gaxdeba dialogi.

imis xazgasasmelad, rom sityvebi sakmarisi araa, eduard olbi iyenebs daumTavrebel, dafragmentebul winadadebebs, upasuxod tovebs kiTvebs da xSirad aqvs adgili erTmaneTisaTvis saubris gawyvetinebas. albaT imis mizezi, Tu ratom ar pasuxoben olbis personaJebi erTmaneTis kiTxvebs isaa, rom erTmaneTs ar usmenen, radgan TiToeuli maTgani mxolod Tavis Tavze fiqrobs da sakuTari bedi awuxebs. aRniSvnis Rirsia is faqtic, rom olbis piesis momqmedi pirebi ar cdiloben racionalurad daalagon TavianTi saubari, da Tematika mudmivad icvleba, yovel frazasa Tu winadadebaSi, rac maTi saubris absurdulobas kidev ufro amZafrebs da xazs usvams.

Sesabamisad, gasakviri araa rom mkiTvels uCndeba SegrZneba imisa, rom personaJebs ar gaaCniaT erTmaneTTan normalurad komunikaciis arc unari da arc survili. martasTvis da jorjisaTvis ena, aris saSualeba, rome erTmaneTs ziani da tkivili miayenon. amas garda, isini enis meSveobiT Seurachyofen ara mxolod erTmaneTs aramed TavianT stumrebsac. imis magivrad rom saubarma raime gamosavlamde an raime azramde miiyvanos isini, es ubralod aris instrumenti maTi TamaSebisa da erTmaneTis damcirebis. piesaSi mravlad aris pasaJebi, rodesac personaJebi erTdroulad saubroben da saerTod ar usmenen erTmaneTs:

jorji: yovelTvis aris. ara, darwmunebuli var. arc ki mifiqria.... yovelTvis aris makompensirebeli faqtorebi.... rogorc Cemi da martas SemTxvevaSi.... ara, zedapirze...

niki: Cven erTad gavizardeT, iciT....

jorji: marTalia, erTi SeedviT saSineli urTierTobaa, zedapirulad....

niki: Cven erTmaneTs vicnoT, oh RmerTo, arc ki vici, roca eqvsis viyaviT, Tu raRac....

jorji: .... magram sadRac iq, dasawyisSi, swored maSin, rodesac me pirvelad movedi niu karTijSi, maSin.... (olbi, 1989:66)

jorjica da nikic Tavis Tavze saubrobs da srulebiT ar usmenen erTmaneTs, arc ki ainteresebT, ras ambobs maTi Tanamosaubre. Tumca am SemTxvevaSi rigi mkiTvelebisa ityvis, rom jorji da niki arc Tu ise kargad icnobdnen erTmaneTs da srulebiT ar ainteresebdaT erTmaneTis ambavi Tu bedi. magram komunikaciis ararsebobas vawydebiT jorjisa da martas dialogebSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom maT Soris dawyebuli saubari yovelTvis erTmaneTis SeurachyofiTa da CxubiT mTavrdeba, aSkaraa, rom am or personaJs Zalian uyvars erTmaneTi da rom erTmaneTis gareSe maTi arseboba warmoudgenelia. magaliTad:

jorji: monstro!

marta: Roro!

jorji: xoWo!

marta: ZaRlo!

jorji: kaxpa! (olbi, 1989:65)

mTeli piesis ganmavlobaSi olbi gvaxsenebs, rom rasac personaJebi amboben mxolod imis gamo ki ar aris saintereso mkiTvelisaTvis Tavisi lanZRvisa Tu bilwsityvaobis gamo, aramed imitomac, rom arasdros ar varT darwmunebuli imaSi, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba simarTles jorjisa Tu martas naTqvami. jorji am faqts meore moqmedebaSi adasturebs kidec:

niki: Tqven cols arasdros uxsenebia Tavisi dedinacvali.

jorji: SeiZleba, es ar aris marTali.

niki(ufarTovdeba Tvalebi): iqneba da simarTlea.

jorji: SeiZleba.... SeiZleba arc aris. (olbi, 1989:68)

piesis erTerTi centraluri problema, romelic komunikaciis ararsebobas ukavSirdeba iluziisa da simarTlis erTmaneTSi arevaa. personaJebis iskeipizmi gamogonil, iluzorul samyaroSi naTeli gamovlinebaa maTi gaucxoebis. Oolbis piesaSi jorjsa da marTas ise sjeraTTavisi iluziebis, rom mkiTxvels zogjer uWirs gaerkves imaSi, Tu sad gadis am ors Soris zRvari. rogorc jorji eubeneba niks:

         jorji(niks): simarTle da iluzia. vin icis gansxvaveba? eh. 

          eh? (olbi, 1989:119)

jorjs da marTas hyavT wamosaxviTi bavSvi, romelic exmareba maT ojaxis SenarCunebaSi. Ees aris is iluzia, fantazia, romelic maT erTmaneTTan akavSirebT. jorjisa da marTas msgavsad hanic fexmZimobas igonebs, raTa nikisa da Tavisi urTierToba rogorRac SeinarCunos.  orive faqti am personaJTa sulier martoobazec miuTiTebs da amasTanave imasac Segvaxsenebs, Tu raoden daSorda absudistebisatvis ena, metyveleba realobas. olbis personaJebis metyveleba komunikacias ki ar emsaxureba, aramed realobidan gaqcevisa da gamonagonSi Tavis Sefarebis mcdelobas warmoadgens.

amrigad, eduard olbim piesaSi vis eSinia virjinia vulfis? Ddidi mxatvruli ostatobiT gamoxata meoce saukunis erT-erTi uwvavesi problema. Adamianis egzistenciuri gaucxoebis, romelic upirveles yovlis adamianTa Soris komunikaciis naklebobas, an srul SeuZleblobas Seicavs.